The Psychology of Twitter: 10 Early Perceptive
Who tweets? Why? What are they talking about? And what's so engaging about all those little textual transmissions? Then there are 10 of my favorite perceptions from this exploration, some less egregious than others. Caution This post was first written in 2010, and it describes early exploration done on Twitter—some of it's outdated.
What's Twitter?
The blog part is that druggies read and write 280 character'tweets'that'' are largely public. The social network part is that people who'follow'each o other also become part of each other’s Twitter exchanges; they can also'retweet'or retransmit other people’s dispatches to their own followers. The videotape over shows you what it looks like on a mobile phone. Twitter is like a game of broken telephones. Because dispatches are short and can be broadcast snappily and fluently, Twitter can feel to its druggies like a fast-paced discussion (Board et al., 2010). The difference from a normal discussion is that people are taking part in a whole range of different relationships.
All feathers of processes that you would honor from exchanges are also going on in Twitter. Important information is simply repeated(retweeted), but dispatches are corrupted over time, like a game of broken telephone( UK Chinese whispers), as people rethink, re-interpret, or misinterpret the meaning of the original tweet. But Twitter doesn't always feel like a discussion, as people use it in different ways. In the same way that talking isn't always a discussion, occasionally it’s a command, an expression of surprise, or an aid to study. In other words, Twitter isn't just social; it has a big instructional element, which we'll come on to.
People join Twitter to follow their musketeers.
A network analysis of Twitter druggies in the early days by Java et al.( 2007) suggested that people join because their musketeers were formerly using it. The networks recalled those seen in the analysis of cell phone networks. The huge number of drugs is just what we've come to anticipate from the internet. People can fluently conform to the technological norm because services are frequently free, and it’s well known that free is a special price we can't resist. The number of drugs is less intriguing than what people are using them for and why.
Most tweets are babble.
While not academic exploration, some insight into what people are talking about on Twitter comes from an analytics company that categorized 2,000 tweets collected over one week. They fell into six orders( analogous probabilities were set up by Java et al., 2007).
- Meaningless gabble 41
- Conversational 38
- Pass-along value: 9
- tone: creation 6
- Spam 4
- News 4
What they call 'meaningless gabbling' might more commonly be called social amenities, social grooming, or at least just gabbling. Like when someone says, "How are you?" and you say, "Fine." It may be a low position, but it’s not meaningless. The average age is 31. The normal( standard) age for a Twitter stoner is 31, older than the median Myspace stoner, who's 26, but younger than Facebook, which is now 33. LinkedIn has the oldest drugs, with the standard being 39. Predictably, the strongest growth in Twitter use is among those progressed 18–24 ( Pew, 2009).
Men are Twitter leaders.
Some suggestions of coitus differences come from Heil & Piskorski( 2009). They set up that there were slightly more women than men on Twitter( 55 women), but that, on average, men had 15 more followers than women, with men doubly as likely to follow another man as they were women, and women 25 more likely to follow men. Both men and women were still set up to chitter at the same rate.
This finding is unusual given that it’s typically women who are the focus of attention on social networks, from both men and women. I'm always conservative about reporting coitus differences and keen to point out that psychologically, men and women are veritably analogous. But maybe there’s something about Twitter that, on average, fits slightly better with men.
20 percent 'are'snitches ’, 80 percent are'meformers ''
After examining 350 dispatches collected from Twitter, Naaman( 2010) set up two different types of stoners. snitched 20 participants information and replied to other druggies. Me formers 80 substantially transferred out information about themselves. Snitches tended to have larger social networks, maybe because they passed on more intriguing effects and weren't talking about themselves all the time. It also suggests that the conversational aspects of Twitter may have been exaggerated. If 80 percent of druggies don't reply to others, it’s not that social.
Trends are one-time and short-lived.
Tweets on particular content( Twitter trends) infrequently last longer than a week and generally no longer than many days (Kuk et al., 2010). Most motifs only trend formerly, also die, and generally have no way to return. 85 of these trends are news-related. Maybe the reason for this is that trends, which are attached to the use of particular words or expressions, are frequently veritably specific. The average tweet frequency is 1. The normal( standard) continuance number of tweets for a Twitter stoner is 1( Heil & Piskorski, 2009). This means most people who subscribe are just following others or don't use it at all. formerly again, the power of'free'and veritably low walls to entry. At the other end of the scale, 10 of the Twitter druggies contribute 90 of the tweets. This finding is unusual compared to other social networks, where the use isn't nearly as heavy. Heil & Piskorski note that in this respect, Twitter is more like Wikipedia, which has an analogous rate of top-heavy operation.
Numerous but not all of the most-followed Twitter druggies are, commonly, celebrities. This top-heavy operation reflects the fact that being intriguing is a gift that not everyone can acquire( without counting on the halo effect of being notorious, that is). Sometimes, however, some manage the trick of being notorious and relatively intriguing. Empirical angst can motivate druggies.Twitter is frequently uncharitably said to be perfect for our narcissistic age. It enables people to gather followers and talk about themselves without having to hear anyone differently.
A small study conducted by Qi et al.( 2010) has suggested that amongst the convivial, it really is empirical angst that motivates Twittering. The same wasn't set up, however, for those who weren't so convivial. It's much easier than blogging; you can mess around, you don't have to say anything important, and it makes the web a little further uncomely.
At the same time, it’s not as obsessed as Facebook and other social networks with gathering and displaying huge quantities of information about you. It's less social than Facebook, which people feel like liking.
Twitter is less social and more instructional.
Support for the idea that Twitter is more instructional and less social than other social networks comes from Johnson and Yang( 2009), who established that people treat other Twitter druggies primarily as intriguing information sources. In this study, people also gained the most delectation from the information they had set up through Twitter. The social aspect of it, however, actors didn't find particularly gratifying, despite a positive anticipation. Network analysis also tends to play down the social aspects of the point. Twitter shows fairly low levels of reciprocity compared with other social networking spots. Only 22 of the Twitter druggies have complementary links between them, compared with 68 on Flickr and 84 on Yahoo! 360. Kwak et al.( 2010) set up that the average path length is 4.12 with 93.5 people within 5 or smaller hops of everyone differently. This is substantially because Twitter is dominated by a small number of celebrities, making numerous further big bumps than would be anticipated in a social network.
Future Twitter
Of course, these are only the first perceptions arising from the exploration, and people are evolving new and intriguing ways of using and analyzing Twitter all the time. Then there are many that I came through on my virtual peregrination. Tweets during two hurricanes and two political conventions suggested that people are decreasingly using Twitter to share information with each other.
Then there's another way in which the instructional nature of Twitter has come to the fore. Twitter is perfect for extreme situations when information needs to be moved quickly and efficiently around social networks. Indeed, experimenters can descry exigency events like earthquakes by covering Twitter( Sakami et al., 2010).
Alan Mismove and associates collected 300 million tweets from the US, analyzed their emotional content, and produced a 'mood of the nation 'videotape. It shows how the emotional content of people’s tweets changes over the day( red is negative and green is positive).
Interestingly, their Twitter analysis backs up a finding I covered preliminarily that Monday isn't the most saddening day of the week using a radically different system.